Selektivno lasersko sinterovanje

Selective Laser Sintering

When selective laser sintering, the object is produced by adding successive thin horizontal layers, as shown in Figure 1.1-1. Each of the layers is produced by the above is part of an object that was previously built apply a thin layer of powder is melted by a laser beam to form the next layer (Figure 1.1.-2.). On cooling the molten part of the powder he connects horizontally (forming a new layer) and vertically (linking with the rest of the work). The shape of each layer defines a computer based computer model of the object, and based on such a calculated cross section manages the process of melting the powder. The term "selective laser sintering" is an abbreviated description of the procedure described in which the sintering process combines only the part of the powder is melted by laser.

Slika 1.1-1
Figure 1.1-1

Procedure described above object are formed without tools, so one machine can produce multiple objects of different shapes and sizes, as well as their layers are produced synchronously. Selective laser sintering can produce plastic objects (mainly based on polyamide) and metal (based on steel, aluminum and titanium) materials.

Given that the melting of metals required much greater amount of heat than melting plastic in the manufacture of metal objects is necessary carry the heat, and the production of metal objects using a metal platform and supports for heat outflow, as shown in Figure 1.1-3 (left). For this reason, after the production of metal objects by selective laser sintering post-processing necessary to separate objects from the platform. In addition, subsequent mechanical (sanding and polishing) and thermal (annealing) treatment can improve the surface quality of objects produced by selective laser sintering of metal powder.

Considering that the production of plastic objects do not need platform and supports for heat outflow, it is possible manufacture of plastic objects one above the other, as shown in Figure 1.1-3. (right). The surface quality of objects produced by selective laser sintering plastic powders can be improved by mechanical abrasion (sanding).

Slika 1.1-2. –SLS princip rada mašine
Figure 1.1-2. –SLS principle operation of the machine

Slika 1.1-3.
Figure 1.1-3.

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 12:30

Primene

Application

The application of selective laser sintering is based on two key advantages:

  • Production without prior preparation, because there is no need for tools that use shaping technology;
  • Possibilities of object production with complex geometrical characteristics, which can not be produced using traditional production technologies;

Selective laser sintering is a shortest path from a computer model to the real object, so what is the solution for the preparation of test samples, individualized products, tools for design technology, and even small product series. The most important application of selective laser sintering:

  • Rapid prototyping ( shortened RP - „rapid prototyping“)
     - Conception models
     - Functional prototypes
  • Making tools of complex shape (shortened RT - "rapid tooling")
  • Production of small series (shortened RM - "rapid manufacturing")

Tehnologija sls
 

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 14:38

Brza proizvodnja prototipova

Rapid Prototyping

The possibility of application of SLS technology directly affect changes in the cycle of the new product development (Figure 1.1.1.1-1) and enable saving time and cost (the cost).

Ciklus razvoja novog proizvoda
Figure 1.1.1.1-1 Development cycles of new products.
Typical (left), Ideal-using SLS technology (right)

In the initial stages of product development SLS technology is used for prototyping without the need for additional tools . The application of these technologies in the early stages of the development cycle allows the early detection of defects in design ( structural defects ) and reduced late design changes without the need for expensive production tools. Furthermore, this produced a functional prototype undergoing testing in realine terms of use. As a result , the direct " consequence " application SLS is that the changes in the design of a reduced phase koncepcionog design, sizing and development phase details. On the other hand, without the use of SLS technology to develop prototypes in a typical product development cycle , design changes are taking place throughout the cycle , as is shown in Figure 1.1.1.1-1 left . Given the fact that the total cost of the product development phase of construction goes about 10 % , and that the price of a functional product is less than 1% of the total cost of product development, it should be noted that this low price in order to study whether the product is of good design, functional and acceptable in the market.
 

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 14:42

Brza izrada alata

Rapid Tooling

SLS technology is used for directly production of complex tools. Manufacture of tools this technology does not impose restrictions on the geometry of manufactured objects so that in this way produce tools with improved performance, optimized in terms of its continued use. For example, for the production of large series, any shortening of the production cycle of a product results in significant savings in time and money for the entire series.

Direct laser sintering enables production of tools complex external and internal geometry of cooling ducts placed along the surface of complex tools. The result is an efficient cooling, high productivity and cost reduction per product. In traditional methods of production, cooling channels are added to the drilling tool, which limits their geometry to a combination of straight lines. The SLS technology, and the position and shape of the cooling channels can be designed (constructed) following a complex geometry shape of tools.

Many studies and examples (Figure 1.1.1.2-1) demonstrate the benefits of optimizing cooling. The theoretical and practical research [...] showed a reduction in tool temperature and shortening product development cycles. Cycle development work is shortened by about 30-60% by using such a developed tool with optimized cooling [....].

        Brza izrada alataBrza izrada alata

Brza izrada alata            Brza izrada alata

Brza izrada alata           Brza izrada alata
   
                    Cycle time: 24s                                                      Cycle time: 13,8s

Fig. 1.1.1.2-1. Performance improvement tools for plastic injection:
Conventional drilling cooling channels (left)
Optimized channels made ​​SLS technology (right)

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 14:43

Brza proizvodnja

Rapid Manufacturing urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 14:44

Materijali

Materials

Additive technologies open up many opportunities for production, but are usually limited to a small number of materials that can be processed by them. In this sense, selective laser sintering is an important technological advance, because this procedure can deal with different kinds of materials. Materials for selective laser sintering must be in the form of fine powder which melts and sintered by a laser beam, and this technology at this time produce objects of the following materials:

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 12:31

Plastika

Plastic urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 12:32

PA2200® - Poliamid 12

PA2200® - Polyamide 12

PA 2200 - Polyamide white
The white powder PA 2200 on the basis of polyamide 12 serves a wide variety of applications with its very well-balanced property profile.
 
Properties  

  • multipurpose material
  • balanced property profile
  • high strength and stiffness
  • good chemical resistance
  • excellent long-term constant behaviour
  • high selectivity and detail resolution
  • various finishing possibilities (e.g. metallisation, stove enamelling, vibratory grinding, tub colouring, bonding, powder coating, flocking)
  • bio compatible according to EN ISO 10993-1 and USP/level VI/121 °C 
  • approved for food contact in compliance with the EU Plastics Directive 2002/72/EC (exception: high alcoholic foodstuff)

Applications

  • functional parts
  • medical applications, e.g. prostheses
  • fully functional plastic parts of highest quality
  • substitute typical injection moulding plastics
  • realisation of movable part connections

PA2200® - Poliamid 12

PA2200® - Poliamid 12

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 13:19

PA 3200 GF - poliamid sa staklenim česticama

PA 3200 GF - Glass bead filled polyamide

Product information
PA 3200 GF is a white, glass bead filled polyamide 12 powder, which is characterised by an excellent stiffness in combination with good elongation at break.
 
Properties

  • high stiffness
  • wear resistance
  • improved temperature performance
  • good thermal loadability
  • excellent surface quality
  • high dimensional accuracy and detail resolution
  • good processability

 
Applications

  • stiff housings
  • parts with requirements on wear and abrasion
  • parts used under elevated thermal conditions
  • usage e.g. for final parts within the engine area of cars
  • deep-drawing dies
  • any other application which requires particular stiffness, high heat distortion temperature and low abrasive wear

      PA 3200 GF - poliamid sa staklenim česticama PA 3200 GF - poliamid sa staklenim česticama

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 13:25

PA 1101

PA 1101

Product information
PA 1101 is a whitish-translucent polyamide 11 material, which is optimised for the use as a laser-sintering material. Laser-sintered parts made from PA 1101 are characterised by high impact resistance and elongation at break. The material is based on renewable resources and can therefore be classified as environmentally friendly material.

Properties

  • high impact resistance & elongation at break with an otherwise balanced property profile
  • based on renewable resources
  • better temperature resistance than PA 12; nearly continuous mechanical properties at a wide temperature range
  • no splintering and cracking, even under highest mechanical stress

Applications
The material is particularly suitable for applications with functional elements which require high material ductility (e.g. integral hinges) and ones where high impact resistance is important.
Another typical application for this material is for components which do not allow splintering (e.g. parts to be used in the passenger compartment in vehicles).

PA 1101

PA 1101

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 13:29

PA 2210 FR - poliamid otporan na vatru

PA 2210 FR - Flame-retarding Polyamide

Product information
PA 2210 FR is a white polyamide 12 powder with a halogen free, chemical flame retardant. In case of fire a carbonating coating arises on the surface of the part, isolating the plastic below.
PA 2210 FR fulfils the flame protection classification UL 94 / V-0 from a wall thickness higher than or equal to 2 mm.
 
Properties

  • flame retardancy
  • halogen-free
  • good mechanical properties
  • excellent long-term constant behaviour

Applications

  • aerospace
  • electric & electronics
  • fully functional, load-bearing plastic parts of highest quality
  • parts with increased requirements on flame protection

   PA 2210 FR - poliamid otporan na vatru  PA 2210 FR - poliamid otporan na vatru

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 13:32

Alumide® - Poliamid sa česticama aluminijuma

Alumide® - Polyamide carbon fibre-reinforced

Product information
Alumide is a metallic grey, aluminium-filled polyamide 12 powder, which is characterised by its high stiffness, metallic appearance and good postprocessing possibilities.
The surfaces of Alumide parts can be refined very easily by grinding, polishing or coating. The machining of Alumide laser-sintered parts is simplified through the cut breaking effect of the aluminium filling.
 
Properties

  • easy post-processing, good machinability
  • high temperature performance
  • thermal conductivity (limited)
  • high stiffness
  • well-balanced ratio of density and stiffness
  • excellent dimensional accuracy

Application

  • applications with metal-like look
  • parts which need machining
  • parts with thermal loads
  • manufacture of stiff parts of metallic appearance for applications in automotive manufacture (e.g. wind tunnel tests or parts that are not safety-relevant)
  • tool inserts for injecting and moulding small production runs
  • illustrative models (metallic appearance)
  • setting jig and device manufacture

Alumide

    Alumide

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 13:37

CarbonMide® - Poliamid sa karbonskim česticama

CarbonMide® - Polyamide carbon fibre-reinforced

Product information
The anthracite black, carbon-fibre reinforced polyamide 12 material stands out for excellent stiffness and a maximised weight-strength-ratio. Due to the process related orientation of the fibres the mechanical properties varies in the three axis directions.

Properties

  • extreme strength and stiffness
  • thermal and electrical conductivity (limited)
  • best strength/weight-ratio
  • light weight

Applications

  • light and stiff functional parts
  • metal replacement
  • mechanically stressed parts which are optimised considering the self-weight of the part
  • aerodynamic components in motor sports application
     

CarbonMide

CarbonMide

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 13:40

PrimeCast 101 - polistiren

PrimeCast 101- Polystyrene

Product information
PrimeCast 101, a grey powder on polystyrene basis, is suited especially for investment casting due to its excellent dimensional accuracy and its low melting point.
 
Properties 

  • high dimensional accuracy
  • low residual ash-content
  • very high surface quality
  • good strength for use as lost pattern

 Application

  • patterns for investment casting
  • master patterns for vacuum casting, herby it is advised to infiltrate the parts with e.g. epoxy resin
  • production of lost patterns for the plaster and ceramic shell casting process
  • The material is optimised for minimum residue ash content after burning-out.

polistiren

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 13:43

Kompozitni materijali sa plastičnom matricom

Composite materials with a plastic matrix urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 14:50

PA 3200 GF - poliamid sa staklenim česticama

PA 3200 GF - Glass bead filled polyamide

Product information
PA 3200 GF is a white, glass bead filled polyamide 12 powder, which is characterised by an excellent stiffness in combination with good elongation at break.
 
Properties

  • high stiffness
  • wear resistance
  • improved temperature performance
  • good thermal loadability
  • excellent surface quality
  • high dimensional accuracy and detail resolution
  • good processability

 Applications

  • stiff housings
  • parts with requirements on wear and abrasion
  • parts used under elevated thermal conditions
  • usage e.g. for final parts within the engine area of cars
  • deep-drawing dies
  • any other application which requires particular stiffness, high heat distortion temperature and low abrasive wear

    poliamid sa staklenim česticamapoliamid sa staklenim česticama

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 14:52

Alumide® - Poliamid sa česticama aluminijuma

Alumide® - Polyamide carbon fibre-reinforced

Product information
Alumide is a metallic grey, aluminium-filled polyamide 12 powder, which is characterised by its high stiffness, metallic appearance and good postprocessing possibilities.
The surfaces of Alumide parts can be refined very easily by grinding, polishing or coating. The machining of Alumide laser-sintered parts is simplified through the cut breaking effect of the aluminium filling.
 
Properties

  • easy post-processing, good machinability
  • high temperature performance
  • thermal conductivity (limited)
  • high stiffness
  • well-balanced ratio of density and stiffness
  • excellent dimensional accuracy

 Application

  • applications with metal-like look
  • parts which need machining
  • parts with thermal loads
  • manufacture of stiff parts of metallic appearance for applications in automotive manufacture (e.g. wind tunnel tests or parts that are not safety-relevant)
  • tool inserts for injecting and moulding small production runs
  • illustrative models (metallic appearance)
  • setting jig and device manufacture

Alumide

  Alumide

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 14:54

CarbonMide® - Poliamid sa karbonskim česticama

CarbonMide® - Polyamide carbon fibre-reinforced

Product information
The anthracite black, carbon-fibre reinforced polyamide 12 material stands out for excellent stiffness and a maximised weight-strength-ratio. Due to the process related orientation of the fibres the mechanical properties varies in the three axis directions.

Properties

  • extreme strength and stiffness
  • thermal and electrical conductivity (limited)
  • best strength/weight-ratio
  • light weight

 Applications

  • light and stiff functional parts
  • metal replacement
  • mechanically stressed parts which are optimised considering the self-weight of the part
  • aerodynamic components in motor sports application
     

CarbonMide

CarbonMide

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 14:55

Metal

Metal urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 14:47

Maraging Steel MS1 - alatni čelik visokih performansi

Maraging Steel MS1 - high performance steel for series tooling

Maraging Steel MS1 is a martensite-hardenable steel. Its chemical composition corresponds to US classification 18% Ni Maraging 300, European 1.2709 and German X3NiCoMoTi 18-9-5. This kind of steel is characterized by having excellent strength combined with high toughness. The parts are easily machinable after the building process and can be easily post-hardened to more then 50 HRC. They also have excellent polishability.
MS1
Properties

  • Easily machinable
  • Age hardenable up to approx. 54 HRC
  • Good thermal conductivity

 
Applications

  • Series injection moulding, also for high volume production
  • Other tooling applications, e.g. aluminium die casting
  • High performance parts, e.g. for aerospace applications

MS2
 

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 15:00

Stainless Steel PH1- nerđajući čelik povećane tvrdoće za primenu u inženjerstvu i medicini

Stainless Steel PH1 - hardenable stainless steel for engineering and medical applications

EOS StainlessSteel PH1 is a stainless steel. The chemical composition conforms to the com-positions of 15-5 PH, DIN 1.4540 and UNS S15500. This kind of steel is characterized by having excellent mechanical properties, especially in the precipitation hardened state. This type of steel is widely used in a variety of medical, aerospace and other engineering applications requiring high hardness and strength. This material is ideal for many part-building applications such as functional metal prototypes, small series products, individualised products or spare parts.
 
Properties

  • Very high strength
  • Easily hardenable up to approx. 45 HRC

Applications

  • Engineering applications including functional prototypes
  • Small series products
  • Individualised products or spare parts
  • Parts requiring particularly high strength and hardness

PH1

admin Thu, 05/24/2018 - 08:16

Stainless Steel GP1 - nerđajući čelik za primenu u industriji

Stainless Steel GP1 - stainless steel for industrial applications

StainlessSteel GP1 is a stainless steel. Its chemical composition corresponds to US clas-sification 17-4, European 1.4542 and German X5CrNiCuNb16-4. This kind of steel is characterized by having good mechanical properties, especially excellent ductility in laser processed state, and is widely used in a variety of engineering applications. This material is ideal for many part-building applications (DirectPart) such as functional metal prototypes, small series products, individualised products or spare parts.
 
Properties

  • Good mechanical properties
  • Excellent ductility

 Applications

  • Engineering applications including functional prototypes
  • Small series products
  • Individualised products or spare parts
  • Parts requiring particularly high strength and hardness

GP1

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 15:01

Aluminium AlSi10Mg - za prototipove i male serije

Aluminium AlSi10Mg - for Prototypes and Series Production

AlSi10Mg is a typical casting alloy with good casting properties and is used for cast parts with thin walls and complex geometry. The alloying elements silicon and magnesium lead to high strength and hardness. The alloy also features good dynamic properties and is therefore used for parts subject to high loads. Parts in EOS Aluminium AlSi10Mg are ideal for applications which require a combination of good thermal properties and low weight, e.g. for motor sport.
 
Applications

  • Direct manufacture of functional prototypes
  • Small production runs
  • User-specific products or spare parts
  • Automotive
  • Engineering
  • Motor racing
  • Aerospace
  • Pneumatics
  • Prototype parts for aluminium die casting
urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 15:06

EOS CobaltChrome MP1- za biomedicinske implantate i za korišćenje na visokim nemperaturama

EOS CobaltChrome MP1 - for biomedical implants and high-temperature applications

EOS CobaltChrome MP1 produces parts in a cobalt-chrome-molybdenum-based superalloy. This class of superalloy is characterized by having excellent mechanical properties (strength, hard-ness etc.), corrosion resistance and temperature resistance. Such alloys are commonly used in biomedical applications such as dental and medical implants (note: widely used in Europe but much less so in North America), and also for high-temperature engineering applications such as in aero engines.

PropertiesMP1

  • High strength, temperature and corrosion resistance
  • Mechanical properties improve with increased temperature up to 500-600 °C
  • Chemistry conforms to the composition UNS R31538 of high carbon CoCrMo alloy
  • Nickel-free (< 0.1 % nickel content)
  • Fulfils the mechanical and chemical specifications of ISO 5832-4 and ASTM F75 for cast CoCrMo implant alloys

ApplicationsMP1

  • High-temperature engineering applications, e.g. turbines, medical implants

 

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 15:04

CobaltChrome SP2

Cobalt Chrome SP2

CE-certified metal material for series production

For manufacturing crowns and bridges, the EOSINT M 270 processes a special cobalt chromium molybdenum-based superalloy. It is biocompatible and CE-certified for use in the dental industry (CE 0537). This established dental prosthesis material has seen considerable demand in recent years and is very cost-efficient compared to precious metal alloys. The Schwickerath bonding strength according to EN ISO 9693 using recommended VITA VM13 ceramic is 42 MPa. The amount of extractable ions released from EOS CobaltChrome SP2 laser processed according to Instructions for Use is 1.86 mg / cm2 / 7 days determined in the static immersion test according to EN ISO 10993-15.
 
Benefits

  • CE-certified for use in the dental industry (CE 0537)
  • Biocompatible
  • Cost-efficient compared to precious metal alloys
  • High tensile strength
  • High temperature and corrosion resistance
     

CobaltChrome SP2

 

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 15:04

NickelAlloy IN625 – za serijsku proizvodnju

EOS NickelAlloy IN625 - for series production

The precipitation and heat-resistant nickel-chromium alloy EOS NickelAlloy IN625 has a chemical composition corresponding to UNS N06625, AMS 5666F, AMS 5599G, W.Nr 2.4856, DIN NiCr22Mo9Nb. It is characterized by having high tensile, creep and rupture strength. EOS NickelAlloy IN625 is expected to have good corrosion resistance in various corrosive environments. This material is also suitable for building complex parts for high-temperature and high-strength applications. The process achieves material properties that are comparable to wrought metals and by far exceeds those of casting.
 
Properties

  •  high tensile, creep and rupture strength and good corrosion resistance in various corrosive environments

Applications

  •  Aerospace
  • Motor sport
  • Applications in the maritime industry
  • Chemical industry parts

 

admin Thu, 05/24/2018 - 08:30

EOS NickelAlloy IN718 - za serijsku proizvodnju avio industriji aerospace

EOS NickelAlloy IN718 - for series production in aerospace

EOS NickelAlloy IN718 is a nickel based heat resistant alloy. Its composition corresponds to UNS N07718, AMS 5662, AMS 5664, W.Nr 2.4668, DIN NiCr19Fe19NbMo3. This kind of precipitation-hardening nickel-chromium alloy is characterized by having good tensile, fatigue, creep and rupture strength at temperatures up to 700°C. The alloy also has outstanding corrosion resistance in various corrosive environments. This material is ideal for many high temperature applications such as gas turbine parts, instrumentation parts, power and process industry parts etc. The material also possesses excellent cryogenic properties and potential for cryogenic applications.
 
Properties

  • Outstanding corrosion resistance
  • High performance at temperatures up to 700°C, e.g. tensile strength, fatigue, creep and rupture

Applications

  • Aero and land based turbine engine parts
  • Rocket and space application components
  • Chemical and process industry parts
  • Oil wells, petroleum and natural gas industry parts

EOS NickelAlloy IN718

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 15:02

Titanium Ti64 - for aerospace and engineering applications and biomedical implants

Titanium Ti64 - for aerospace and engineering applications and biomedical implants

EOS Titanium Ti64 is a Ti6Al4V alloy. This well-known light alloy is characterized by having ex-cellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance combined with low specific weight and biocompatibility. The ELI version (extra-low interstitials) has particularly high purity.
 
Properties

  • Light weight with high specific strength (strength per density)
  • Cor-rosion resistance
  • Biocompatibility
  • Laser-sintered parts fulfil requirements of ASTM F1472 (for Ti6Al4V) and ASTM F136 (for Ti6Al4V ELI) regarding maximum concentration of impurities
  • Very good bioadhesion (cell growth tested with good results)

Applications

  • Aerospace and engineering applications
  • Biomedical implants

Titanium Ti64

urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 15:07

Legure

Alloys
  • cobalt-chromium SP
  • cobalt-chromium for biomedical and high temperature implementations MP1
  • nickel-chrome IN625
  • nickel-chrome IN718 for aero cosmo technique
urednik Tue, 09/10/2013 - 14:57